I guess you have to be immersed in this to completely follow or read it all at once at the very least. Since I will have to go back and read the prior articles in this line to fully catch up- who were the “Shepherds” and who were the Hyksos. I am not working in this area but I know that the -not yet Hebrews who followed Joseph and Jacob to Egypt were primarily Shepherds but surely not them? You speak of them being defeated so they don’t fit in my mind. Also the Hyksos were in my mind lately a fiction created by those who did not accept the scriptural story of how the sons of Jacob came to be in Egypt for 400 years and how they left Egypt in the Exodus. It’s not usual in my mind for a Bible believer to accept a Semitic group in Egypt who had some sort of control- at least in parts of Egypt. I am a bit confused which is a state that I spend a lot of time in. God bless
The Hyksos, or Shepherd Kings, were Asiatics in Egypt. Darrell White and I argue that all of the Hyksos were descended from Abraham, but there were three periods of the Hyksos in Egyptian history, and they were three different groups or periods.
The Early Hyksos Asiatics were Jacob and his sons, as well as other Abrahamics who came to Egypt for grain in 1706 BC, and remained in Egypt for 215 years. They were the peaceful Hyksos population based in Avaris which was the seat of Goshen. Their rulers were the 14th Dynasty, which only ruled over Goshen.
When the Exodus occurred in 1491 BC, the Israelites left, and within a few months, the Amalekites (Edomites) swept into Egypt, which had lost its entire Army. It took them about 12 years to conquer Egypt all the way to Thebes in the far south. Finding Avaris empty (because the Israelites had all departed), they established the 15th Dynasty with its seat of rule in Avaris, and which ruled over the 8th (Memphis) and 16th (Thebes) dynasties (local vassals). This was the aggressive Hyksos period that the Egyptians remembered with horror. It lasted about 428 years, which interestingly, was about the same amount of time from when Abraham was first accosted for his wife in Egypt to the time of the Israelite Exodus.
The Egyptians still considered Israel to be Hyksos in Canaan. After Ahmose allied with King Saul to expel the Amalekite Hyksos from Egypt in 1074 BC, the Egyptians were allies with Saul, David, and Solomon. But after Solomon's death, Thutmose III claimed that he finally defeated the Hyksos in 972/971 BC, which was the fifth year of Rehoboam. So the "late Hyksos" from the Egyptian perspective was the Israelites ruling themselves in Canaan.
After Thutmose III conquered Jerusalem, he partitioned Solomon's kingdom into four parts, and all four parts were Egyptian vassals off and on for the next ~390 years until Nebuchadnezzar finally defeated Jerusalem in 586 BC.
400 years after Jacob entered Egypt in 1706 BC would be 1306 BC. At that time there were three dynasties ruling different parts of Egypt.
Dynasty 15 was the Hyksos (Amalekites) ruling all of Egypt and some parts of the Middle East from the city of Avaris, which the Israelites had abandoned when they left in the Exodus. According to Manetho, Khyan was the king ruling from Avaris in 1306 BC.
Dynasty 16 was ruling in Thebes as vassals of the Hyksos Lords of Avaris. Dynasty 8 ruled Lower Egypt from Memphis as vassals of the Lords of Avaris. Of these, we only have names from the Turin Canon, so it is difficult to be certain which of the Dynasty 8 kings was on the throne in 1306.
More details can be found in our paper CFAH-8 here:
Fascinating. Are you relying on Egyptian sources? Query, who was the Pharaoh in Egypt 400 years later?
I guess you have to be immersed in this to completely follow or read it all at once at the very least. Since I will have to go back and read the prior articles in this line to fully catch up- who were the “Shepherds” and who were the Hyksos. I am not working in this area but I know that the -not yet Hebrews who followed Joseph and Jacob to Egypt were primarily Shepherds but surely not them? You speak of them being defeated so they don’t fit in my mind. Also the Hyksos were in my mind lately a fiction created by those who did not accept the scriptural story of how the sons of Jacob came to be in Egypt for 400 years and how they left Egypt in the Exodus. It’s not usual in my mind for a Bible believer to accept a Semitic group in Egypt who had some sort of control- at least in parts of Egypt. I am a bit confused which is a state that I spend a lot of time in. God bless
The Hyksos, or Shepherd Kings, were Asiatics in Egypt. Darrell White and I argue that all of the Hyksos were descended from Abraham, but there were three periods of the Hyksos in Egyptian history, and they were three different groups or periods.
The Early Hyksos Asiatics were Jacob and his sons, as well as other Abrahamics who came to Egypt for grain in 1706 BC, and remained in Egypt for 215 years. They were the peaceful Hyksos population based in Avaris which was the seat of Goshen. Their rulers were the 14th Dynasty, which only ruled over Goshen.
When the Exodus occurred in 1491 BC, the Israelites left, and within a few months, the Amalekites (Edomites) swept into Egypt, which had lost its entire Army. It took them about 12 years to conquer Egypt all the way to Thebes in the far south. Finding Avaris empty (because the Israelites had all departed), they established the 15th Dynasty with its seat of rule in Avaris, and which ruled over the 8th (Memphis) and 16th (Thebes) dynasties (local vassals). This was the aggressive Hyksos period that the Egyptians remembered with horror. It lasted about 428 years, which interestingly, was about the same amount of time from when Abraham was first accosted for his wife in Egypt to the time of the Israelite Exodus.
The Egyptians still considered Israel to be Hyksos in Canaan. After Ahmose allied with King Saul to expel the Amalekite Hyksos from Egypt in 1074 BC, the Egyptians were allies with Saul, David, and Solomon. But after Solomon's death, Thutmose III claimed that he finally defeated the Hyksos in 972/971 BC, which was the fifth year of Rehoboam. So the "late Hyksos" from the Egyptian perspective was the Israelites ruling themselves in Canaan.
After Thutmose III conquered Jerusalem, he partitioned Solomon's kingdom into four parts, and all four parts were Egyptian vassals off and on for the next ~390 years until Nebuchadnezzar finally defeated Jerusalem in 586 BC.
400 years after Jacob entered Egypt in 1706 BC would be 1306 BC. At that time there were three dynasties ruling different parts of Egypt.
Dynasty 15 was the Hyksos (Amalekites) ruling all of Egypt and some parts of the Middle East from the city of Avaris, which the Israelites had abandoned when they left in the Exodus. According to Manetho, Khyan was the king ruling from Avaris in 1306 BC.
Dynasty 16 was ruling in Thebes as vassals of the Hyksos Lords of Avaris. Dynasty 8 ruled Lower Egypt from Memphis as vassals of the Lords of Avaris. Of these, we only have names from the Turin Canon, so it is difficult to be certain which of the Dynasty 8 kings was on the throne in 1306.
More details can be found in our paper CFAH-8 here:
https://www.academia.edu/130119727/Chronological_Framework_of_Ancient_History_8_The_Hyksos_Intermediate_Period_and_the_18th_Dynasty_of_Egypt
Incredible! Thank you so much for sharing this one with us!